Emotional First Aid

Emotional First Aid: A set of life skills used by lay citizens and emergency responders to provide the support a person who is emotionally shocked needs immediately following a crisis event.

How to Help the Emotionally Injured After Tragedy Strikes

Reach Out Physically

Position yourself at the victims side and at his level.

Touch - unless the victim pulls away

Use a soft voice

Use the victim's name

Reach Out Emotionally

Ask the victim how he is feeling

Acknowledge the victim's experience

Don't minimize the victim's experience (i.e. "You'll be O.K.")

Don't Overlook the Quiet Victims

Many victims after a tragic event are stunned and may appear unaffected. Remember that many people can be affected by a tragic event - witnesses, rescuers, children....Don't overlook these invisible victims.

When you suspect someone is affected by a tragic event, reach out with Caring Curiosity - How are you?

Protect: Protect the victim from making impulsive decisions. Most major decisions can wait until the victim is thinking clearly

Protect the victims from being victimized by others who may not have the best interest of the victim in mind.
Provide for the victim's physical needs-food, medicine, safe place...

Reassure: Many victims have an urgent need for information after a tragic event - "What happened?"; "Why?" Assist the victim in getting the information he needs. The victim may need an Information Advocate.

Victims often blame themselves for the crisis event. Help a guilty victim gain perspective by asking him to tell you the "whole story."
Try to gently point out to the victim what he did right before, during, or after the tragic event.

Organize: Victims are often paralyzed after a tragic event and often lose their capacity to deal with all the new demands created by the tragedy. Assist the victim in developing a simple plan. Suggest - Let's focus on what needs to be done now."

Reinforce: the actions which the victim is taking or wants to take to emotionally survive the tragic event. The victim will struggle to find something or someone to hold onto in the first few hours. You may need to "clear the way" so that what the victim wants to do he is able to do.

Do not "over care" or do too much for the victim. Remember that the primary psychological challenge for the victim is to regain a sense of control. Therefore, the victim should be encouraged to make decisions and take action in his own behalf.
Finally, a broken heart cannot "be fixed." Don't try! A caring presence is what you can offer to someone who is emotionally devastated. Just being there is very powerful and will be experienced by the victim as very helpful.

Summary: In the first few hours after a tragic event, the victim is often surrounded by people who have "a job to do" or who have opinions about what the victim should or shouldn't do. The primary goal of the person providing Emotional First Aid is to enable the victim to act according to his wishes, values, and beliefs and not according to what others think should be done.

Do not "over care" or do too much for the victim. Remember that the primary psychological challenge for the victim is to regain a sense of control. Therefore, the victim should be encouraged to make decisions and take action in his own behalf.
Finally, a broken heart cannot "be fixed." Don't try! A caring presence is what you can offer to someone who is emotionally devastated. Just being there is very powerful and will be experienced by the victim as very helpful.

Emotional First Aid Training

What is the TIP National Emotional First Aid Course? An 8-hour course which teaches the skills necessary to help others in the first few hours following a tragedy. Topics presented in the course include:

The 5 basic Emotional First Aid skills
What family members need most immediately after a death
What to say/not to say
The Big Mistakes
Street Smarts - How to function effectively in emergency situations

The TIP National EmotionalFirst Aid Course is based on the lessons learned by TIP volunteers in 1,000's of tragic situations. Who Should Attend?

Caring Citizens
Health Care Professionals
Law Enforcement Officers
Firefighters/Paramedics
Volunteers
Mental Health Professionals